catastrophe
英 [kəˈtæstrəfi]
美 [kəˈtæstrəfi]
n. 灾难; 灾祸; 横祸; 不幸事件; 困难
复数：catastrophes
高考CET6考研TOEFLIELTSGRETEM4TEM8BEC化学
Collins.2 / BNC.8422 / COCA.6648
同义词辨析
tragedyadversitycalamitycatastrophedisastermisfortune【导航词义：悲剧，灾难】
tragedyn. 悲剧性事件，惨剧
〔辨析〕
指因有人死亡而令人震惊的不幸事件。
〔例证〕
Mother's sudden death was a tragedy to the family.
母亲的突然去世对全家是一个极大的不幸。
The tragedy he mentioned took place in March.
他提到的那一悲惨事件发生在3月。
The tragedy occurred during the earthquake when four people of the same family were killed.
地震中悲剧发生了，一家人中有四个丧命。
母亲的突然去世对全家是一个极大的不幸。
The tragedy he mentioned took place in March.
他提到的那一悲惨事件发生在3月。
The tragedy occurred during the earthquake when four people of the same family were killed.
地震中悲剧发生了，一家人中有四个丧命。
adversityn. 逆境，不幸
〔辨析〕
指困难重重或不走运的境况。
〔例证〕
The others were greatly inspired by his courage in the face of adversity.
他面对逆境的勇气极大地鼓舞了其他人。
He is always ready to deal with adversity.
他时刻准备着去应对逆境。
他面对逆境的勇气极大地鼓舞了其他人。
He is always ready to deal with adversity.
他时刻准备着去应对逆境。
calamityn. 灾难，祸患
〔辨析〕
指意外发生的、造成重大损失的灾祸，语气强于 disaster，侧重于悲痛的心情；有时也指个人的不幸， 多为幽默用语。
〔例证〕
It will be a calamity for farmers if it keeps raining.
如果雨一直下个不停，将会给农民带来灾难。
The flood brought calamities to the local people.
洪水给当地民众带来了巨大灾难。
The marriage proved to be the greatest calamity of her life.
事实证明这桩婚姻是她一生中最大的不幸。
It will be a calamity if I fail my English exam.
这次英语考试我要是通不过就惨了。
如果雨一直下个不停，将会给农民带来灾难。
The flood brought calamities to the local people.
洪水给当地民众带来了巨大灾难。
The marriage proved to be the greatest calamity of her life.
事实证明这桩婚姻是她一生中最大的不幸。
It will be a calamity if I fail my English exam.
这次英语考试我要是通不过就惨了。
catastrophen. 重大灾难；大祸
〔辨析〕
语气最强，指造成破坏、死亡的可怕灾难，强调最终的结局；也可指极为麻烦的局面或悲惨的结局。
〔例证〕
Food is required immediately to avert a humanitarian catastrophe.
急需食物以避免一场人道主义灾难。
The forest fire was a catastrophe.
那场森林火灾是个大灾难。
The natural catastrophe dealt a heavy blow to this country's economy.
这场自然灾害给该国经济带来了严重的打击。
If the project is cancelled, it will be a catastrophe for all of the companies concerned.
如果该项目取消，对所有相关公司将是个灾难。
急需食物以避免一场人道主义灾难。
The forest fire was a catastrophe.
那场森林火灾是个大灾难。
The natural catastrophe dealt a heavy blow to this country's economy.
这场自然灾害给该国经济带来了严重的打击。
If the project is cancelled, it will be a catastrophe for all of the companies concerned.
如果该项目取消，对所有相关公司将是个灾难。
disastern. 灾难，灾祸
〔辨析〕
普通用词，通常指各类人为或自然的灾祸，如核泄漏、洪水、暴风雪等。
〔例证〕
The plane flew through the clouds in time and a disaster was narrowly averted.
飞机及时地飞过了云层，侥幸避免了一场灾难。
The oil spill was a disaster for sea animals.
那次石油泄漏对海洋动物是一场灾难。
The conference turned out to be a complete disaster.
大会最终搞得一团糟。
They overcame the natural disaster and even had a bumper harvest.
他们战胜了自然灾害，甚至还获得了大丰收。
飞机及时地飞过了云层，侥幸避免了一场灾难。
The oil spill was a disaster for sea animals.
那次石油泄漏对海洋动物是一场灾难。
The conference turned out to be a complete disaster.
大会最终搞得一团糟。
They overcame the natural disaster and even had a bumper harvest.
他们战胜了自然灾害，甚至还获得了大丰收。
misfortunen. 不幸，灾祸
〔辨析〕
多指较为严重的不幸，强调多由厄运或外界因素所致。
〔例证〕
The climbers had the misfortune of running into a snowslide, but no one got hurt.
登山队员不幸遇到雪崩，但没有人受伤。
She is distressed by misfortune.
厄运使她忧伤。
We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.
我们不幸遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。
Misfortune befell me when I was still young.
我年纪还很小的时候就遭到了不幸。
登山队员不幸遇到雪崩，但没有人受伤。
She is distressed by misfortune.
厄运使她忧伤。
We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.
我们不幸遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。
Misfortune befell me when I was still young.
我年纪还很小的时候就遭到了不幸。
牛津词典
noun
- 灾难；灾祸；横祸
a sudden event that causes many people to suffer- Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.
提前发出的洪水水位上涨警报防止了又一次的重大灾害。
- Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.
- 不幸事件；困难
an event that causes one person or a group of people personal suffering, or that makes difficulties- The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm.
扩展业务的尝试使这家公司陷入困境。 - We've had a few catastrophes with the food for the party.
我们为聚会准备食物时遇到了一些困难。
- The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm.
柯林斯词典
- N-COUNT 重大灾难;灾祸;横祸
Acatastropheis an unexpected event that causes great suffering or damage.- From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe...
不管从哪方面说，战争都将是场灾难。 - If the world is to avoid environmental catastrophe, advanced economies must undergo a profound transition.
世界若要想避免环境灾难，经济发达的国家必须进行深刻变革。
- From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe...
英英释义
noun
- an event resulting in great loss and misfortune
- the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity
- the earthquake was a disaster
- a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
- a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune
- lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system
- his policies were a disaster
双语例句
- Japan, for example, has issued natural catastrophe bonds or swaps to offset earthquake risk.
以日本为例，它已发行了自然灾害债券或掉期工具，用以抵消地震带来的风险。 - The planet is hit by an environmental catastrophe, and, in that crisis, lives are torn apart.
地球遭受了环境灾难，而在这场危机中，人们的生活都被撕裂了。 - It was the second time in his life that she had caused a catastrophe.
在他的一生中，这是她第二次惹了大祸。 - They suffered an electoral catastrophe, winning a paltry 3 seats.
他们在选举中惨败，仅获得微不足道的3个席位。 - Until he saw the trapped wagons and animals, he did not realize the full extent of the catastrophe.
直到他看见受困的马车和动物，才意识到灾难的严重性。 - Catastrophe theory provides a coherent framework for modelling the complex dynamics of systems.
突变理论为建立系统的复杂动力学模型提供了一个清晰的框架。 - The natural catastrophe dealt a blow to this country's economy.
这场自然灾害给这个国家的经济带来了严重的打击。 - Miss ley, indeed, was convinced that some catastrophe had occurred.
的确，莱伊小姐深信发生了什么大变故。 - Because of the failure the catastrophe will be coming.
因为失败，大祸就要来临了。 - The company lost its biggest customer and that was a catastrophe for its future.
公司失去了最大的客户，这对它的未来可谓是一大灾难。